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The Use of Force between the Police and Persons with Impaired Judgment

Robert J. Kaminski

University of South Carolina

Clete Digiovanni

National Naval Medical Center

Raymond Downs

National Institute of Justice

This article examines the effects of perceived impaired judgment due to mental illness, drugs, or alcohol among a sample of arrestees on police use of force and other outcomes. Using a combined measure of impairment, bivariate analysis of more than 2,000 arrests made by officers from a large southeastern municipal police department suggests that persons with perceived impaired judgment were only mildly problematic for police in this study. Multiple regression analysis of the effects of perceived judgmental impairment on use of force indicates it significantly increased the odds that higher levels of force were used, but the influence of this factor was less than the influence of other factors commonly examined in use-of-force studies. Additional analysis using a disaggregated measure of perceived impaired judgment reveals that the significant effect of the combined measure is a function of suspected drug intoxication rather than suspected alcohol intoxication or mental illness.

Key Words: police • use of force • impairment • drugs • alcohol • mental illness

Police Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 3, 311-338 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/1098611103253456
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